Design and Setting of the StudyĪll subjects involved in this protocol were admitted to the UO Endocrinology after an overnight fast and before any exercise activity. The purpose of this work is to compare irisin level among groups of differently trained healthy individuals (elite athletes of international and national level, athletes of local level, recreational athletes, and sedentary individuals) and to explore the role of irisin as a physiological linker between exercise and metabolic health. To this aim, we compared irisin level among groups of differently trained healthy individuals (elite athletes of international and national level, athletes of local level, recreational athletes, and sedentary individuals) and we explored the role of irisin as a physiological linker between exercise and metabolic health. The relationship among the sporting behavior and chronic irisin level is poorly explored, instead. Human studies till now performed were almost interventional studies aimed to evaluate acute changes in irisin level after a training program. Probably, most of these controversies may depend on the type of exercise (resistance/endurance), its duration (acute/prolonged), the training status of individuals before enrollment in the studies, and the type of assay for irisin quantification.Ī review published in 2014 explains that different studies in humans have shown inconsistent results related to the proposed induction of irisin by exercise. In fact, besides some studies which described a great effect of exercise in promoting irisin increase, other studies reported that neither acute nor chronic exercise promotes changes in irisin level. The real effect of physical activity in promoting expression and secretion of irisin in human is still unclear. The beneficial effects of exercise on bone metabolism seem to be mediated by different myokines as irisin. Irisin is a myokine firstly identified for its ability to induce browning of white adipose tissue, to increase energy expenditure and to protect against insulin resistance and obesity. An interesting editorial by Polyzos and colleagues highlighted the possibility that irisin in humans could be a link between physical activity and metabolic homeostasis and could be implicated in processes involved in weight balance. These molecules, in fact, may mediate the beneficial effects of exercise on glucose and lipid metabolism and on inflammation, which characterizes both metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The protective effect of physical activity may be ascribed, to some extent, to the release of myokines from contracting skeletal muscles. The role of physical activity in maintaining good health and preventing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2), obesity, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and other cardiovascular complications is well recognized.
Irisin may be one potential mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolic profile. Our study suggests a correlation between sport performance, insulin sensitivity, and irisin levels. In addition, the number of metabolic parameters correlated with irisin increased at increasing the training status. After correction for the degree of insulin resistance (irisin/HOMA-IR), elite athletes showed higher levels compared to sedentary and recreational subjects ( and, resp.). All groups showed similar plasma irisin levels.
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A U-shaped relation between free fatty acids and the degree of physical activity was observed. HbA1c was higher in elite athletes compared to all the other groups ( ). Fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and total cholesterol levels were inversely related to the degree of physical activity. All biochemical parameters were within the ranges of normality.
Irisin and biochemical parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism were assessed in 70 healthy volunteers stratified for sport performance level into four groups: ( ) 20 elite athletes of national level, ( ) 20 subelite athletes of local level, ( ) 20 recreational athletes, and ( ) 10 sedentary subjects. We compared irisin levels among groups of differently trained healthy individuals to explore the role of irisin as a physiological linker between exercise and metabolic health.
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